NEWS Personalities: Scientist

Sara Volz,

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<br /><br />Meet a next-generation scientist making the next generation of biofuel. 17-year-old <a href="http://www.societyforscience.org/sts/2013finalists/svolz">Sara Volz</a> invented a process that increases the amount of biofuel produced by algae to win this year’s <a href="http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/education/competitions/science-talent-search.html">Intel Science Talent Search</a>. The Colorado Springs student claimed the $100,000 grand prize with her project, which uses artificial selection to pinpoint which organisms are churning out the most fuel. This new method not only helps to bring down the overall cost of algae biofuel, but it was developed primarily in her bedroom under a lofted bed!<br /><br />As dedicated a scientist as her adult colleagues, Sara Volz took to sleeping with the same light cycles that her algae required to grow. In a homemade lab under her loft bed, Volz grew algae in a medium containing the pesticide sethoxydim to kill the algae that produced low levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), an enzyme that is important in lipid synthesis. The remaining algae could produce substantial amounts of oil that could make the biofuel commercially viable in the future. Since algae requires little land mass and comparatively few inputs to sustain, the biofuel stands as a great renewable alternative to petroleum.<br /><br />The Intel Science Talent Search included seven other finalists, among them young researchers who received a combined $1.25 million by the Intel Foundation for their efforts. <a href="http://www.societyforscience.org/page.aspx?pid=183">Society for Science & the Public</a> has held the competition since 1942. “Society for Science & the Public is proud to join Intel in congratulating Sara Volz for her scientific accomplishments,” said Elizabeth Marincola, president of the organization. “Sara’s work demonstrates how a young person who is fascinated by science, which she has been since a kindergarten science fair, can work with few sophisticated resources and have real impact on society.”<br /><br />Sarah was selected from a pool of 1,712 high school seniors. Her investigations into algae have not only earned her a major distinction, but have contributed to efforts in curbing climate change through clean energy production.<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><br />
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Sara Volz,

Meet a next-generation scientist making the next generation of biofuel. 17-year-old Sara Volz invented a process that increases the amoun...

Jack Andraka Biography

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<i>Some of the people who read this might live longer because Jack Andraka has come up with what promises to be a better way of detecting pancreatic, ovarian and lung cancer</i>s.<br />
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The high school freshman won the top prize on Friday in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, held this week in the David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Downtown.</div>
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Andraka's invention uses a test strip and a meter similar to the ones diabetics use to test their blood-sugar levels. His process would test for the presence of proteins found in the blood or urine of people in the early stages of pancreatic cancer.<br />
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<b>About Jack Andraka :</b><br />
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Jack Andraka is an American high school student and the 2012 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Science_Fair">Intel Science Fair</a> grand prize winner. Andraka was awarded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_E._Moore">Gordon E. Moore</a> Award for his work in developing a new method for detecting<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Intel-0">[1]</a> The Gordon E. Moore Award, named in honor of the co-founder of Intel, is for $75,000. He also won other prizes in smaller individual categories for a total award of $100,500.<br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2>
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Andraka won the award as a 15 year-old high school freshman at North County High School in Glen Burnie Maryland, United States. He had been interested in science from an early age.<br />
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In an interview with the BBC, he said the idea came to him when he was "chilling out in biology class", and read about analytical methods using carbon nanotubes.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-BBC-2">[3]</a> He then did more Google research about them and cancer biochemistry, aided by free online scientific journals.<br />
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He was inspired<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Burris-1">[2]</a> to work on the subject by the death of his uncle from pancreatic cancer, which has a five-year survival rate of 5.5%. Or, any number of other reasons given in the various interviews that he has given. The reasons range from the Uncle's passing, to "a close family friend" (see <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/boy-invents-cancer-test-16624510">ABC</a> and the CNN Interview) to "I have known a lot of people that have died of pancreatic cancer" (<a href="http://live.wsj.com/video/intel-science-winner-develops-cancer-tech/E342B43B-F184-492D-A441-38B28C18D3C1.html#!E342B43B-F184-492D-A441-38B28C18D3C1">WSJ interview</a>, which also lists the dead uncle in the caption to the video) to "A bunch of my family has been effected by Pancreatic cancer..." (See the BBC Interview)and then to "we all know people who have died of Pancreatic Cancer" (see TED audition) One reason for this is the lack of a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive screening method.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-SFS-3">[4]</a> Subsequently, he began to think of various ways of preventing cancer growth and terminating the growth before the cancer cells become pervasive.<br />
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He contacted around 200 professors from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University">Johns Hopkins University</a> with a plan and budget for his project in order to receive laboratory help from the professors. He received 197 rejection letters until he received an positive reply from Dr. Anirban Maitra, Professor of Pathology, Oncology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a>.<br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">The result of his project was a new </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipstick" style="background-color: white;">dipstick</a><span style="background-color: white;"> type diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer using a novel paper sensor that is, according to him, 168 times faster, 26,000 times less expensive (costing around three cents), and over 400 times more sensitive than the current diagnostic tests. He says the test is also effective for ovarian and lung cancer.</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Intel-0" style="background-color: white;">[1]</a><br />
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Prof. Maitra is very enthusiastic about Andraka's future. He told the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Sun">Baltimore Sun</a> "You're going to read about him a lot in the years to come... What I tell my lab is, 'Think of Thomas Edison and the light bulb.' This kid is the Edison of our times. There are going to be a lot of light bulbs coming from him."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Burris-1">[2]</a><br />
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Andraka's older brother, Luke, a junior at North County High, won $96,000 in prizes at the Intel ISEF two years ago, with a project that examined how acid mine drainage affected the environment. Last year Luke won an MIT THINK Award (Technology for Humanity guided by Innovation, Networking, and Knowledge), which recognizes students whose science projects benefit their communities.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Burris-1">[2]</a><br />
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The boys' father, Steve Andraka, is a civil engineer. Their mother, Jane Andraka, is an anesthetist. She told the Sun "... we're not a super-athletic family. We don't go to much football or baseball." "Instead we have a million [science] magazines [and] sit around the table and talk about how people came up with their ideas and what we would do differently."<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 24px;"><b>Method</b></span></div>
Andraka cultured <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MIA_PaCa&action=edit&redlink=1">MIA PaCa</a> cells, from a commercial pancreatic carcinoma <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture">cell line</a>, which overexpress<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelin">mesothelin</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker">biomarker</a> for pancreatic cancer; the mesothelin was isolated, concentrated and quantified with ELISA.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-SFS-3">[4]</a> After optimization with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Blot">Western Blot</a> assay, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody">antibody</a> to human mesothelin was dispersed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_walled_carbon_nanotubes">single walled carbon nanotubes</a> and used to coat strips of filter paper. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope">scanning electron microscope</a> was used to verify layering. Cell media spiked with varying amounts of mesothelin was applied to the paper and the change in electrical potential[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify">clarification needed</a>] (due to the conductivity of the nanotubes) was measured before and after the application. A dose-response curve was constructed with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination">R2</a> value of 99.92%. Tests on human blood serum obtained from both healthy people and patients with chronic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatitis">pancreatitis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer#Exocrine_pancreas_cancers">pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia</a> (a precursor to pancreatic carcinoma), or pancreatic cancer showed a similar response. The sensor’s limit of detection was found to be 0.156 ng/mL; 10 ng/mL is considered the level of overexpression of mesothelin consistent with pancreatic cancer. The sensor costs $3.00 and 10 tests can be performed per strip, taking 5 minutes each. The method is 168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive, and 400 times more sensitive than ELISA, and 25% to 50% more accurate than the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA10">CA10-9</a> test.<br />
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Officials at Intel have said that Andraka's method is more than 90 percent accurate in detecting the presence of mesothelin.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Andraka#cite_note-Intel-0">[1]</a></div>
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(YouTube / Channel Intel)Fifteen-year-old <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> took home top science fair honours this year for the development of a cancer-testing <b>...</b></div>
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<em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> is just 15 years old and a fairly normal teenager. He loves kayaking, he watches Glee and like to chill in biology class. But not <b>...</b></div>
<a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19291258&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDUQ-AsoADAB&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNF81qk10Lbm_hH6bMLpsqAZ-aQPWg" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">US teen invents advanced cancer test using Google</a>‎ <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">BBC News</span><br /><a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.macworld.com.au/news/teen-invents-groundbreaking-cancer-test-using-google-69064/&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDYQ-AsoATAB&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNELO002olCCU_IOofkmk-O1BJ6jwQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Teen invents groundbreaking cancer test using Google</a>‎<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Australian Macworld</span><br /><a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/331322&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDcQ-AsoAjAB&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNEqxo8RhkSirWh8R2kFJWvHuOaElQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Fifteen year old revolutionizes cancer testing</a>‎<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">DigitalJournal.com</span><br /><a class="gl" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.thetakeaway.org/2012/aug/23/cancer/&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDgQjQwoAzAB&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNFZrbv-YJJGqBWc6D1ytE_nM7kumQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">The Takeaway</cite></a> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">- </span><a class="gl" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://singularityhub.com/2012/08/21/teenager-invents-cancer-test-using-google/&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDkQjQwoBDAB&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNFBiSoCIuSlEHVuXktUhJTHwsFynA" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">Singularity Hub</cite></a><br /><a class="gl" href="https://news.google.co.in/news/story?q=Jack+Andraka&hl=en&safe=off&prmd=imvnsuo&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&biw=1024&bih=649&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ncl=dk4hT76crtGfTKMhd-382L98TOh4M&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDQQqgIwAQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">all 10 news articles »</cite></a></td><td style="font-size: 14px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center; width: 80px;" valign="top"><a href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/advanced-cancer-test-by-15-yr-old-us-schoolboy-425042.html&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CDIQpwIwAQ&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNF7EQkplRrvn9Qa6yCUDcMbElkapw" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="1" class="th " src="https://news.google.com/news/tbn/tLypDSIIm3oJ" style="border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin: 0px;" /><br /><div class="f" style="color: #666666; overflow: hidden; width: 80px;">
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<a class="l" href="http://news.gnom.es/pr/teen-trailblazer-to-share-his-journey-to-visionary-innovation-changing-the-shape-of-cancer-diagnosis-at-gil-2012-silicon-valley" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Teen Trailblazer to Share his Journey to Visionary Innovation <b>...</b></a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">NEWS.GNOM.ES</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">7 Aug 2012</span></div>
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<b>...</b> year's program will commence with a GIL Bite presented by an inspiring innovator; 15-year old Maryland High School student, <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em>.</div>
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<a class="l" href="http://a7.com.mx/vida/salud/13970-test-del-cancer-de-jack-andraka-168-veces-mas-rapido.html" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Test del cáncer de <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em>, 168 veces más rápido</a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Artículo7</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">18 hours ago</span></div>
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Viernes 24 de agosto.- Se llama <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em>, tiene 15 años y ha ganado el prestigioso premio Gordon E. Moore para el desarrollo en la mejora de pruebas de <b>...</b></div>
<a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://vidayfamilia.univision.com/es-el-momento/historias-que-inspiran/article/2012-05-25/adolescente-inventa-metodo-para-detectar-cancer-pancreas-temprano-jack-andraka&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEEQ-AsoADAD&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNEXpbSQyXZIIopB5i_sGuvuyocMew" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Adolescente inventa método para detectar cáncer pancreático en <b>...</b></a>‎ <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Univisión</span><br /><a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/jovende15anosinventametodoparadetectarcancer-1330878.html&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEIQ-AsoATAD&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNHaqOSzqWW9A5XVYHxADlkKC26jOQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Joven de 15 años inventa método para detectar cáncer</a>‎ <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">El Nuevo Dia.com</span><br /><a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.enter.co/secretosdetecnologia/adolescente-inventa-metodo-para-hallar-cancer-en-cinco-minutos/&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEMQ-AsoAjAD&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNHbly14zsVwL87rbocK706wak_Ikg" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Adolescente inventa método para hallar cáncer en cinco minutos</a>‎ <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">ENTER.CO (blog)</span><br /><a class="gl" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.frontenet.com/notas/20120824/un_adolescente_crea_sistema_para_detectar_c__ncer__r__pido_y_barato&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEQQjQwoAzAD&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNE4Qv5KGgORV_-yICv5SRsgdIBBLQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">Frontenet</cite></a> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">- </span><a class="gl" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.teinteresa.es/salud/Joven-proyecto-revolucionario-detencion-pancreas_0_761325460.html&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEUQjQwoBDAD&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNEsuoFWEO5n3vcMGdklojp3NGHgfQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">Te Interesa</cite></a><br /><a class="gl" href="https://news.google.co.in/news/story?q=Jack+Andraka&hl=es&safe=off&prmd=imvnsuo&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&biw=1024&bih=649&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ncl=dzCjEU1TEuuTmWMTMzVcaXOpruayM&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CEAQqgIwAw" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">all 37 news articles »</cite></a></td><td style="font-size: 14px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center; width: 80px;" valign="top"><a href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://a7.com.mx/vida/salud/13970-test-del-cancer-de-jack-andraka-168-veces-mas-rapido.html&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CD4QpwIwAw&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNGr0sc5Ajc_mSx5x1J6R84yet4EeA" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="1" class="th " src="https://news.google.com/news/tbn/i745qTbLJuUJ" style="border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin: 0px;" /><br /><div class="f" style="color: #666666; overflow: hidden; width: 80px;">
Artículo7</div>
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<a class="l" href="http://singularityhub.com/2012/08/23/singularity-u-launches-2012-class-bring-on-the-future/" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Singularity U Launches 2012 Class: Bring On The Future!</a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Singularity Hub</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">2 days ago</span></div>
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Roberts then introduced <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> to the stage. Jack is the amazing 15-year-old recipient of the grand prize at this year's Intel International <b>...</b></div>
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Singularity Hub</div>
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<a class="l" href="http://saude.ig.com.br/minhasaude/2012-08-24/conheca-o-garoto-que-pode-mudar-a-historia-do-cancer.html" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Conheça o garoto que pode mudar a história do câncer</a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Último Segundo - iG</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">1 day ago</span></div>
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<em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> – guarde esse nome – tem 15 anos. Em maio deste ano ele venceu a Feira Internacional de Ciência e Engenharia da Intel com <b>...</b></div>
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Último Segundo - iG</div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/08/21/nyheter/utenriks/forskning/medisin/kreft/23055645/" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;"><em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack</em> (15) liker å padle og se på «Glee» - og kan ha revolusjonert<b>...</b></a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Dagbladet.no</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">4 days ago</span></div>
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VIDUNDERBARN: Her kan du se hvordan vidunderbarnet <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em>reagerte da han fikk et stipend for sitt bidrag til kreft-testinga i verden.</div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/183370+google+ajudou+adolescente+a+criar+exame+para+detectar+cancer+mais+rapido" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Google ajudou adolescente a criar exame para detectar câncer <b>...</b></a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">SRZD</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">3 hours ago</span></div>
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O Google e documentos científicos encontrados na rede foram as ferramentas de <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> para a descoberta. Em entrevista à "BBC",<b>...</b></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/212665/jack-andraka-rakovina-pankreasu-test/" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Mladý génius! Stredoškolák vymyslel test na rakovinu</a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Aktuality.sk</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">2 days ago</span></div>
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Volá sa <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> a americká tlač o ňom píše ako o géniovi. <b>...</b> Na túto chorobu zomrel jeho strýko, preto sa Jack rozhodol pre výskum <b>...</b></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://nt.interia.pl/technauka/news/nastolatek-opracowal-tani-test-na-raka,1835011,8131" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Nastolatek opracował tani test na raka</a></h3>
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<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Interia</span> <span class="hpn" style="color: #777777;">-</span> <span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">2 days ago</span></div>
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<em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> zrewolucjonizuje diagnostykę nowotworową? <b>...</b>Ze swoim tanim testem na raka w maju tego roku <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Jack Andraka</em> zdobył główną <b>...</b></div>
<a class="l" href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://media.wp.pl/kat,1022939,wid,14865466,wiadomosc.html&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CFcQ-AsoADAJ&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNEZhgmPt7XeE5JVH-uHu-xW78oGTA" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">Nastolatek, który zrewolucjonizował diagnostykę raka</a>‎<span class="f nsa" style="color: #666666;">Wirtualna Polska</span><br /><a class="gl" href="https://news.google.co.in/news/story?q=Jack+Andraka&hl=pl&safe=off&prmd=imvnsuo&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&biw=1024&bih=649&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ncl=dp7gQLmgub5OwKMgmKABCHEmxu4uM&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CFYQqgIwCQ" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="nsa" style="color: #009933; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline;">all 2 news articles »</cite></a></td><td style="font-size: 14px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center; width: 80px;" valign="top"><a href="https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://nt.interia.pl/technauka/news/nastolatek-opracowal-tani-test-na-raka,1835011,8131&rct=j&sa=X&ei=vNA5UPLNMILKrAfR0oEI&ved=0CFQQpwIwCQ&q=Jack+Andraka&usg=AFQjCNEC0r4vxEIUZFRURk4syXOAj81Eug" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="1" class="th " src="https://news.google.com/news/tbn/jSbaNu5ClCQJ" style="border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin: 0px;" /><br /><div class="f" style="color: #666666; overflow: hidden; width: 80px;">
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Jack Andraka Biography

Some of the people who read this might live longer because Jack Andraka has come up with what promises to be a better way of detecting pa...

scientist Satyendra Nath Bose

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Satyendra Nath Bose: The God Particle’s neglected namesake</span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In the territory of science, they say, nothing can be designated the rock-solid status of a ‘theory’. Hypotheses are all that anybody can think of, and today’s established theory might be shown the door tomorrow. The field is diverse, researches unending, and discoveries incessant and earth-shattering. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Every century has been a witness to many revelatory discoveries and inventions in science. But the latter half of 2011 went a step ahead. It shook the basic bedrock of Physics, almost rendered in tatters the foundation of Albert Einstein’s iconic E=mc2: scientists at CERN cast doubts on the ‘fact’ that nothing travelled faster than light. Certain neutrinos, they claimed,might, travel faster. The entire scientific world was shaken out of their luxurious realities with this revelation. Challenging the God of Modern Physics wasn’t something that someone did every day, after all. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">July 2012 marked another milestone in the history of Quantum Physics – God Particle, they claimed, had been discovered. The God Particle, otherwise known as the Higgs boson particle, is one that has been instrumental in holding many in taut suspension ever since its purported existence rose to the fore. While Albert Einstein has been immortalised in realms superterranean, and Peter Higgs’ list of awards don’t find an end, the other scientist whose namesake is a part of this God Particle, has been brutally glossed over. His contributions never found the international acknowledgement of a Nobel Prize, and the irony is even more glaring in the fact that several researches but the foundational one on the ‘Boson’ particle have been honoured with that ultimate recognition. Satyendra Nath Bose undoubtedly deserved a Nobel. At the least. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bose’s research career spanned decades of hard work and inadequate recognition. What with his path-breaking researches on particle physics and notable discoveries in quantum statistics being among the greatest achievements of the 20th century, SN Bose could easily have been awarded a Nobel Prize. His overarching status of a researcher might then have been done some justice to. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The God Particle, which has created such a deafening brouhaha in the last few days, wasn’t one that just came into being. The Higgs boson particle, based on the Bose-Einstein Statistics, was one that had its hypothesis in place – thanks to the work of this Indian and Einstein. With its existence now on its way to embrace the pedestal of the truth, one might be forced to wonder why was it that while on the one hand Physics is replete with mentions of Einstein, on the other, Bose is a man who is hardly in the radar of recognition. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Any layman with even a scintilla of knowledge of physics knows the name of Albert Einstein. SN Bose, in many higher echelons of knowledge, still lies enshrouded in ignorance. The name of SN Bose, despite being the name behind the naming of the particle that has shot to prominence yet again, doesn’t appear the way it deserves to. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Satyendra Nath Bose, in early 20th century, along with Albert Einstein, engendered the basic tenets of the particles called bosons. And what followed thereafter is a saga of friendship, symbiosis and a relationship that transcended the mortal realms well into the immortal. Bose-Einstein Statistics, the Bose-Einstein Condensate and work on bosons are glowing reminders of that phenomenal relationship – which gave rise to several foundational elements of advanced physics. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">With the Higgs-Boson particle on the threshold of solid discovery, Satyendra Nath Bose might have been happy with his work being the fulcrum of it all. Pride is not the only emotion that an Indian would feel at Bose’s name being a part of that which is supposed to be the crux of all matter. The feeling is an amalgam of an inarticulate rush of emotions. A thousand Nobel Prizes couldn’t have done what the God Particle has done to an Indian scientist. Almost four decades since his demise, the man has been re-instated as an immortal – and this time, the entire world has been jolted out of a stupor. Years of neglect later, realisation has struck hard. Satyendra Nath Bose isn’t a man who can be forgotten in the blink of an eye.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Rathindra Nath Bose, the son of of scientist Satyendra Nath Bose talks about his father at the family home in North Kolkata. Indian Express Photo</span></span>
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scientist Satyendra Nath Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose: The God Particle’s neglected namesake In the territory of science, they say, nothing can be designated the ...

Who is Peter Higgs, the man who gives his name to that elusive particle?

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<b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Who is Peter Higgs?</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">20 december 2011 - Who is Peter Higgs, the man who gives his name to that elusive particle? “I think for many years he was somewhat embarrassed by all of the attention,” a former Oxford colleague says about this quiet scienctist, who says: “I have to hope my doctor keeps me alive long enough for them to find it.”<br /><br /><br />BBC Radio 4 presented a <a href="http://thenewsperson.blogspot.in/2012/07/who-is-peter-higgs.html" target="_blank">profile</a> of Peter Higgs by Samira Ahmed. You can read it here to enjoy the sometimes improbable moments of fame great science and patient research can bring.<br /><br />'This quiet octogenarian has waited patiently for the world to catch up with his ideas. His theory about the existence of the elusive particle - or boson - came in 1964, in a moment of inspiration while walking in the Cairngorms. He wrote two papers about it.<br /><br />The second was initially rejected by the journal Physics Letters, which annoyed him. He later said they clearly did not understand him, but it was finally published not long after in Physical Review Letters, another leading publication.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Reluctant fame</span></b><br /><br />By the early 1970s Higgs' name was being associated in academic papers and conferences with the theories that he and teams in Belgium and London had been researching independently. "He still sometimes squirms when you call it the 'Higgs boson' in his presence. He refers to it sometimes as 'the boson which bears my name'"<br /><br />And the particle itself was to acquire Higgs' name. A former colleague, Oxford Emeritus Prof Ken Peach, recalls returning from a conference where the fellow scientists were referring constantly to Peter Higgs: "I saw Peter in the coffee lounge and said 'Hey Peter! You're famous!' " His reaction was typically low-key, and he gave a diffident smile. "Peter is a very unassuming man, and I think for many years he was somewhat embarrassed by all of the attention. I think over the years he has become more comfortable with it," says Prof Peach.<br /><br />Still, not overly so. "He's very self-effacing," says the science journalist Ian Sample, author of Massive: The Hunt for the God Particle. "He still sometimes squirms when you call it the 'Higgs boson' in his presence. He refers to it sometimes as 'the boson which bears my name' in an apologetic way. He realises that his name has gone onto something that was really the result of many people's work."<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">No prizes in physics</span></b><br /><br />Peter Higgs was born in Newcastle in 1929. His father was a BBC sound engineer. When his family moved to Bristol, he proved a brilliant student at Cotham Grammar School, winning many prizes - except in physics. But one day, sitting through a dull assembly, a famous name on the honour board of ex-pupils caught his eye: the Nobel prize-winning physicist, Paul Dirac.<br /><br />"Peter was really good at reading around subjects, and wouldn't just go to lessons and learn what the teachers say," says Ian Sample. "So, Peter really got into Dirac and what the issues of physics were at the time." After school, Higgs read physics at King's College London, studying the then brand-new theoretical option. <br /><br />Fellow student Michael Fisher - now a professor at the University of Maryland - remembers Higgs excelling in the first-ever exam in the subject: "As I recall he did the problem in quantum mechanics. It was based on a paper that had been published recently... and by all accounts he did a better job on the problem that was set to him in a three-hour exam than the original author of the scientific paper had done." Higgs was awarded first class honours in 1950. He applied for a lectureship at King's College, but it was his friend Michael Fisher who got the job, and so Higgs headed to Scotland.<br /><br /><b>Going it alone</b><br /><br />"As a 31-year-old researcher at the University of Edinburgh, people called him a fuddy-duddy because he was working on something that was seen as uncool," says Ian Sample. "It was a type of physics that people just thought was going nowhere. And he just decided 'No, you don't understand it as well as I do, and I think it's got something and I think it's worth pursuing'. And if he hadn't pursued it - and he was pretty much alone in doing it, certainly in the UK - he wouldn't have got his theory, it wouldn't have happened, we would never have heard of him."<br /><br />Outside of academic circles, though, Higgs was not well known. For the next 20 years, he continued writing and teaching but there were difficulties in both his professional and his personal life. He had married, but split from his wife a few years after their two sons were born. And some friends feel Peter Higgs did not make the kind of impact that might be expected of a scientist of his calibre.<br /><br />"I wouldn't say he was shy. I might say that he was a little too retiring perhaps for the good of his own career," says Prof Michael Fisher. "You might say that he would be much better known ahead of time if he'd had a little more inclination."<br /><br /><b>Quietly happy</b><br /><br />Peter Higgs retired from the University of Edinburgh in 2006, and continues to watch developments at Cern from a distance - without a TV, or a computer, and rarely answering the phone, though keeping up-to-date through the latest physics journals. He continues to inspire a younger generation of physicists, such as Dr Victoria Martin, who was in his last undergraduate class at Edinburgh, and who was with him as Edinburgh University staff gathered to watch the announcement at Cern that the Higgs boson had possibly been identified.<br /><br />"I was sitting in front of him, and he seemed quite pleasantly happy with the news that was coming out of Cern - I was probably more excited than he was. He was quietly happy. You never get a sense of real excitement - 'They must find it, please let them find it' - from him," says Ian Sample. "He says things like 'I have to hope my doctor keeps me alive long enough for them to find it.'"<br /><br />Nearly 50 years after the paper on what was to be the Higgs boson was first rejected, Prof Peach sees a happy symmetry for Peter Higgs, in seeing the world's largest laboratory prove what he knew was right all along: "One of the things I'd say about Peter is that his character is completely consistent, and I think the drive to understand how the universe works is also consistent with the desire to make sure that the universe itself is a fit and decent place to live." '</span><br />
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Who is Peter Higgs, the man who gives his name to that elusive particle?

Who is Peter Higgs? 20 december 2011 - Who is Peter Higgs, the man who gives his name to that elusive particle? “I think for many years...

Who is Abdul Kalam?

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<b style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out who this is. </span></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">If the flight of seagulls intrigues him, so do flights of fancy while writing verse. The top-secret indigenous 'K' missiles, named after him, make India only the sixth country to have developed strategic undersea missiles. He lovingly tends to his head full of curls trimmed and styled once every four months; in his 70s, he was nominated for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and in 2006. Five years after he was President, the country still goes ballistic over his frisking at the JFK Airport in USA. And many, political parties included, are pushing for him to be President again.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">That's Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, India's 'People's President' and 'Missile Man' who started life as a humble paperboy to supplement family income. </span>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Born in Rameswaram on 15 October 1931, he was brought up by his boatman father Jainulabdeen in a multi-religious environment. He had seven siblings, his mother Ashimma at times, made </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">chappati</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">s for him, while the others were given rice, since his day would start at 4 am and end at 11 pm. Because he was a bright student and would often burn midnight oil, his mother would save up some kerosene oil for him.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">He spent his growing years dreaming of conquering the space frontiers on the Arabian Sea. His dreams of the next two decades were mostly conjured up on the shores of the Bay of Bengal, where he test-fired a variety of short-, medium- and long-range conventional and nuclear-capable missiles for India.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">His interest in flying led to a degree in aeronautical engineering, and eventually to his supervising the development of India's guided missile program. He went abroad to study only once, in 1963-'64, to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Along the way, he discovered his love for Tamil poetry and learned to play the veena. He can recite the Holy Quran and the Bhagavad Gita and knows the Holy Scriptures inside out. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Although Dr Kalam has led several projects in his professional life, he's said to have treated each project like it was his last. His unassuming disposition, it is said, cloaks a formidable catalyst which can make people work. And every time his achievements are lauded, Dr Kalam takes the praise with characteristic humility. At every felicitation ceremony, he's known to give full credit for his success to his colleagues.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Dr Kalam played a pivotal organisational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. He is chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology in Thiruvananthapuram, a professor at Anna University in Chennai and visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">He was awarded the Padma Bhushan and Bharat Ratna, and then he became the President of India; one of the few presidents to have touched the hearts of the poor children in the country. Because he also came from a poor background, he knew the power of education in changing one's future. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">When Dr Kalam's first major project SLV 3-was abortive the first time around and his childhood mentor died around that time, he drew strength from philosophy, religion and literature to tide over his professional setbacks. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">His bachelor status has purportedly posed problems, especially as President, since his largely ceremonial job involved hosting lavish banquets. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">In the 2011 Hindi film </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">I Am Kalam</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">, Dr Kalam is portrayed as an extremely positive influence to a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself, Kalam, in honour of his idol. </span>
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